Ultrasonic and electromagnetic inspections of railway hollow axles

Inspection of Train Hollow Axles by Measuring AC Field Vector

In this paper a new electromagnetic nondestructive system for inspection of train hollow axle is presented. The system allows to observe changes of vector AC fields in order to enhance the probability of proper classification. The performance of the system is verified using hollow axle sample with artificial notches of different depths. The experimental results are presented and discussed. Keyw...

An Analysis of UT Echoes Coming from Fatigue Cracks and Artificial Defects on Railway Axles

Non Destructive Testing applied to railway axles is performed both in production and in maintenance. During production, NDT is carried out at different stages adopting different techniques, while during maintenance (in-service inspection) only ultrasonic testing is usually carried out. The present paper is focused on some aspects of calibration related to the in-service inspection of railway ax...

Rotating Electromagnetic Field for Ndt Inspections

Reliable performance of a component or structure depends on its pre-service quality and in-service degradation under operating conditions. The importance of Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation is ever increasing, above all in ensuring pre-service quality and monitoring in-service degradation, in order to avoid premature failure of the components/structures. There are many Non-Destructive Tec...

Ultrasonic measurement models for surface wave and plate wave inspections

A complete ultrasonic measurement model for surface and plate wave inspections is obtained, where all the electrical, electromechanical, and acoustic/elastic elements are explicitly described. Reciprocity principles are used to describe the acoustic/elastic elements specifically in terms of an integral of the incident and scattered wave fields over the surface of the flaw. As with the case of b...

New Ultrasonic Techniques for Detecting and Quantifying Railway Wheel-Flats